|
Porta (gate)
Port-
|
Magana (large, great)
Magan-
|
Portae (gates)
|
Maganae (pl.)
|
|
|
N
G
D
Ac
Ab
Vo
|
Porta
Portae
Portae
Portam
Porta
porta
|
Magana
Maganae
Maganae
Maganam
Magana
Magana
|
Portae
Portarum
Portis
Portas
Portis
portae
|
Maganae
Maganarum
Maganis
Maganas
Maganis
Maganae
|
拉丁文的名詞和法文、葡萄牙文等一樣，都有性別，分為陰性、楊性、中性。截至目前為止我們會看到的就只有第一變化中以名詞以-a結尾的名詞，通常以a結尾的都是陰性，但也有少數的陽性名詞，像是poeta(poet)和nauta(sailor)。
|
NOUN
|
||
|
fāma, fāmae
|
f
|
Rumor, report; fame, reputation
|
|
fōrma, fōrmae
|
f
|
Form, shape; beauty
|
|
fortūna, fortūnae
|
f
|
Fortune, luck
|
|
īra, īrae
|
f
|
Ire, anger
|
|
nauta, nautae
|
m
|
Sailor
|
|
patria, patriae
|
f
|
Fatherland, native land
|
|
pecūnia, pecūniae
|
f
|
Money
|
|
philosophia, -ae
|
f
|
Philosophy
|
|
poena, -ae
|
f
|
Penalty, punishment; “poenas dare”, pay the penalty
|
|
poēta, -ae
|
m
|
Poet
|
|
porta, -ae
|
f
|
Gate, entrance
|
|
puella, -ae
|
f
|
girl
|
|
rosa, -ae
|
f
|
rose
|
|
sententia, -ae
|
f
|
Feeling, thought, opinion, vote, sentence
|
|
vita, -ae
|
f
|
life
|
|
ADJECTIVE
|
||
| antiquus, -a, -um | m, f, n | ancient, old-time |
| maganus, -a, -um | m, f, n | large, great |
| meus, -a, -um | m, f, n | my |
| multus, -a, -um | m, f, n | much, many |
| tuus, -a, -um | m, f, n | your |
|
OTHER
|
||
| est | is | |
| et | conj. | and; even; et….et, both….and…. |
| sed | conj. | but |
| O | interj. | Oh! Commonly preceding a vocative |
| Sine | prep. | +abl., without |
Sententiae antiguae
1. Salvē, O patria! (Plautus.)
Hello, O fatherland!
2. Fāma et sententia volant.
(Virgil. — volāre, verb, to fly,
move quickly)
Rumor and opinion fly.
3. Dā veniam puellae, amābō
tē. (Terence. — venia, -ae, f., favor, pardon )
Give the girl a favor, please.
這邊的da是命令句，而amabo te是please。
4. Clēmentia tua multās vītās servat. (Cicero. — clēmentia, -ae, clemency)
Your clemency saves many lives.
利用字尾的變化我們就會發現形容詞是修飾誰、名詞是屬於甚麼格！
5. Multam pecūniam dēportat. (Cicero. — dēportāre, verb, tocarry away )
He carries away much money.
6. Fortūnam et vītam antīquae patriae saepe laudās sed recūsās. (Horace. — recūsāre, verb, to refuse, reject )
You often praise the fortune and life of the old fatherland but reject them.
這句話在講的是Augustus，他非常常稱讚古羅馬的好，像是共和制等，但其實他自己實行專制，所以說他常稱讚但是拒絕古老的祖國。而recusas作用到的對象跟laudas相同，所以就略而不寫。
7. Mē vītāre turbam iubēs. (*Seneca. — vītāre, to avoid 。– turba, -ae, f., crowd –iubēre, verb, to order )
You order the crowd to avoid me.
注意，turbam在字尾上顯示得很清楚，是作用為accusative，必定是iubes作用對象。不要翻成了you order me to avoid the crowd.
8. Mē philosophiae dō. (Seneca)
I give myself to philosophy.
9. Philosophia est ars vītae.(*Cicero. –ars, art )
Philosophy is the art of life.
10. Sānam fōrmam vītae cōnservāte. (Seneca. –sānus,-a, -um., sound, sane)
Preserve the sound abeauty of life.
11. Immodica īra creat īnsāniam. (Seneca. — immodicus, -a, um, immoderate, excessive.—creare, to creat)
Excessive anger creates insanity.
12. Quid cōgitās? –dēbēmus īram vītāre. (Seneca.)
What are you thinking? – we must avoid anger.
13. Nūlla avāritia sine poenā est. (*Seneca. –nūllus, -a, -um, no –avāritia, -ae, avaricious)
No avarice is without penalty.
14. Mē saevīs catēnīs onerat. (Horace. — saevus, -a, -um, cruel.–catēna, -ae, chain.–onerāre, to load, oppress)
He oppresses me with cruel chains.
此句從onerat的字尾得知主詞應該是第三人稱單數，但句中並沒有名詞符合，所以本句的主詞在拉丁文中被藏了起來，翻成英文時要翻出來。
15. Rotam fortūnae nōn timent. (Cicero –rota, -ae, wheel –timēre, to fear)
They do not fear the wheel of fortune.
16. The girls save the poet’s life.
Puellae vitam poetae servant.
17. Without philosophy we often go astray and pay the penalty.
Sine philosophia saepe erramus et poenas damus.
18. If your land is strong, nothing terrifies the sailors and you ought to praise your great fortune.
Si tua patria valet, nihil nautas terret et laudare magnam fortunam tuam debes.
19. We often see the penalty of anger.
Saepe poenam irae videmus.
20. The ancient gate is large.
Porta antiqua est magna.
CATULLUS BIDS HIS GIRLFRIEND FAREWELL
這是一首改編過的詩，是Catullus在與情人分手後寫下的詩，其中的轉折應該很多人看了會心有戚戚焉吧？
obdurare , to be firm, tough.—basiare, to kiss.—te, you
Puella mea mē nōn amat.
My girl doesn’t love me.
Valē, puella! Catullus obdūrat:
Goodbye, the girl! Catullus is tough:
poēta puellam nōn amat,
the poet doesn’t love the girl,
fōrmam puellae nōn laudat,
he doesn’t praise the beauty of the girl,
puellae rosās nōn dat,
he doesn’t give the girl roses,
et puellam nōn bāsiat!
and he doesn’t kiss the girl!
Ira mea est magna!
My anger is great!
Obdūrō, mea puella — sed sine tē nōn valeō.
I am though, my girl—but without you, I am not strong.